پیمان آدریانوپول از پایگاه دایره المعارف بزرگ اسلامی
در اين مذاكرات، مواد پيمان اكرمان (ه م) كه 3 سال پيش از آن ميان 2 دولت منعقد شده و ناديده گرفتن آنها توسط دولت عثماني، موجب جنگ 2 كشور گشته بود، بار ديگر تأييد شد. در نتيجه، قيمومت روسيه بر مناطق مولْداوي و والاكيا (كه اكنون روماني را تشكيل ميدهند) و خودمختاري صربستان، و نيز حق كشتيراني در آبراهههاي بُسفر و داردانِل، براي روسيه تثبيت گرديد. افزون بر آن، دولت روسيه ساحل شمال شرقي درياي سياه، حق حاكميت بر گرجستان و ساير ايالات قفقاز، ناحية آخالتسيخه (ه م) و اماكن مقدسة مسيحيان در فلسطين را به دست آورد و همة ساكنان مسيحي امپراتوري عثماني، تابع دولت روسيه شناخته شدند و دولت عثماني خودمختاري يونان را نيز به رسميت شناخت. اين پيمان در تحولات آيندة منطقه، كه به تجزية امپراتوري عثماني انجاميد، نقش مهمي داشت.
مآخذ: آمريكانا؛ اسلام آنسيكلوپديسي؛ اينترنشنال؛ بريتانيكا؛ چمبرز، فونك و واگنال انسيكلوپدي، (5 مأخذ اخير ذيل Edirne )؛ قاموس الاعلام (تركي)، ذيل ادرنه؛ كامران مقدم، شهيندخت، تاريخ كشورهاي همجوار ايران، تهران، دانشگاه تربيت معلم، 1355ش، 1/102، 103، 377؛ لوتسكي، و، تاريخ عرب در قرون جديد، ترجمة پرويز بابايي، تهران، چاپار، 1356ش، ص 113، 153؛ نيز:
Knope, Alfred, The Middle East history, New York, 1967, pp. 272-273, 296-298; The New Cambridge Modern History, Cambridge, 1957, pp. 550, 668; Walsh, w. B. Russia and The Soviet Union, Michigan, 1958, pp. 206-207, 217.
محمدعلي مولوي
Edirne, Treaty of
or Treaty of Adrianople
(September 14, 1829) Pact concluding the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–29. Signed at Edirne (ancient Adrianople), Turkey, the treaty opened the Turkish straits to Russian shipping and granted Russia some territorial concessions. It strengthened Russia's position in Eastern Europe and weakened that of the Ottoman empire, and it foreshadowed the Ottoman empire's dependence on the European balance of power and the dismemberment of its Balkan possessions.
For more information on Edirne, Treaty of, visit Britannica.com. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Copyright © 1994-2008 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Treaty of Adrianople
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Moscow Triumphal Gates in St. Petersburg (1836-1838) commemorate Russia's victory in the Russo-Turkish War of 1826-1828.
The Peace Treaty of Adrianople (also called the Treaty of Edirne) concluded the Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829 between Russia and the Ottoman Empire. It was signed on September 14, 1829 in Adrianople by Russia's Count Aleksey Orlov and by Turkey's Abdul Kadyr-bey.[1] The Ottoman Empire gave Russia access to the mouths of the Danube and the fortresses of Akhaltsikhe and Akhalkalaki in Georgia. The Sultan recognized Russia's possession of Georgia (with Imeretia, Mingrelia, Guria) and of the Khanates of Erivan and Nakhichevan which had been ceded to the tsar by Persia in the Treaty of Turkmenchay a year earlier. The treaty opened the Dardanelles to all commercial vessels, thus liberating commerce for cereals, live stocks and wood, although it took the Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi (1833) to settle the Straits Question between the signatories. The Sultan reguaranteed the previously promised autonomy to Serbia, promised autonomy for Greece, and allowed Russia to occupy Moldavia and Wallachia until the Ottoman Empire had paid a large indemnity.
Adrianople, Treaty of
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also called Treaty of Edirne, 1829, peace treaty between Russia and the Ottoman Empire (see Russo-Turkish Wars). Turkey gave Russia access to the mouths of the Danube and additional territory on the Black Sea, opened the Dardanelles to all commercial vessels, granted autonomy to Serbia, promised autonomy for Greece, and allowed Russia to occupy Moldavia and Walachia until Turkey had paid a large indemnity.
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright © 2007 Columbia University Press. |
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Treaty of Adrianople, also called Treaty of Edirne, treaty signed in September 1829 ending a war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, (which was based in modern-day Turkey). During the war, one of a series of conflicts known as the Russo-Turkish Wars, Russia had won significant victories in the Caucasus and the Balkan Peninsula. The war began in 1827 when Russia, allied with Britain and France, intervened in the Greek struggle for independence from the Ottoman Empire, which had started in 1821. Russian ships joined the British and French navies and destroyed the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Navarino (now Pílos) in 1827. This act started the war with the Ottoman Empire, which the Russians won in 1829.
The treaty was negotiated after the Ottomans sued for peace. Its most important clause granted Greece complete independence from the Ottoman Empire. Other clauses forced the Ottoman Empire to give Russia islands at the entrance to the Danube River, the Black Sea coastline bordering the Caucasus, and the right to use the Dardanelles, the narrow strait that completes the link from the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea. The Ottoman Empire also recognized Russia's title to Georgia, the autonomy of Serbia, and the autonomy of the Romanian regions of Moldavia and Walachia, under Russian protection. The treaty marked another step in the decline of the Ottoman Empire, which had reached its greatest extent in 1683.
Treaty of Adrianople
From: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition | Date: 2008
Treaty of Adrianople also called Treaty of Edirne, 1829, peace treaty between Russia and the Ottoman Empire (see Russo-Turkish Wars ). Turkey gave Russia access to the mouths of the Danube and additional territory on the Black Sea, opened the Dardanelles to all commercial vessels, granted autonomy to Serbia, promised autonomy for Greece, and allowed Russia to occupy Moldavia and Walachia until Turkey had paid a large indemnity.
اَلنَّـاسُ ثَلاثَةٌ: فَعَـالِمٌ رَبَّـانِـیٌّ، وَ مُتَعَلِّـمٌ عَلَـی سَبِیلِ نَـجَاةٍ، وَ هَـمَجٌ رَعَـاعٌ أَتبَـاعُ کُلِّ نَاعِـقِ، یَمِیلُونَ مَع کُلِّ رِیح، لَم یَستَضِـیئُوا بِنُورِ العِلمِ، وَ لَم یَلجَأوا إِلَی رُکنٍ وَثِیـقٍ. أمیرالمؤمنین علی بن ابی طالب علیه السلام.